Sensitive teeth: causes and ways to manage them

Sensitive teeth often hurt with cold, heat, sweet foods or cleaning. Exposed dentine can be responsible, but decay or a crack may cause similar sensations. Managing sensitivity starts with finding its cause. [1]

Key points

• Sensitivity does not automatically mean a cavity.
• Gentle cleaning and a suitable toothpaste may help; desensitising toothpaste usually needs repeated use.
• Severe, sudden or single-tooth symptoms should be assessed. [2] [1]

Why do teeth become sensitive?

Dentine sits beneath enamel and contains microscopic channels through which external stimuli can affect the inside of a tooth. Enamel wear or gum recession may expose it. Contributing factors can include forceful brushing, acidic foods and drinks, tooth grinding, gum disease, a damaged filling or a crack. Whitening can also cause temporary sensitivity. [1] [2]

Everyday care that may help

Use a soft toothbrush with gentle pressure and a fluoride toothpaste. Ask your dental team whether a desensitising toothpaste is appropriate. Reduce frequent acidic drinks and avoid brushing immediately after acidic food or drink. Rather than abandoning cleaning because it feels uncomfortable, ask for a demonstration of suitable techniques and tools. [2]

When should a dentist check it?

Arrange an assessment for severe sensitivity, symptoms that start suddenly, sensitivity lasting weeks or symptoms concentrated in one tooth. The dentist can distinguish exposed dentine from a problem requiring other care. Options may include a desensitising treatment, fluoride treatment, a restoration or gum treatment, depending on the findings. These are alternatives for different causes, not a checklist of treatments everyone needs. [2] [1]

Useful information for your visit

Describe the triggers and how long the pain lasts afterwards. Mention recent whitening or dental work and whether biting hurts too. This helps the dentist distinguish conditions that feel similar. [3]

Frequently asked questions

Should a sensitive-teeth toothpaste work immediately?

It may take several applications. If symptoms persist or worsen, reassess the cause rather than endlessly trying different products. [1]

Can I whiten sensitive teeth?

Discuss sensitivity before whitening. A dental assessment is needed to decide whether to proceed, postpone or adjust the plan, because whitening can temporarily increase sensitivity. [2]